绝经和高血压之间有联系吗?
回答 Rekha Mankad, M.D.
绝经后,血压一般会升高。一些医务人员认为,这种血压升高可能是由与绝经有关的激素变化所致。另一些则认为,绝经期女性体重指数(BMI)的增加可能是罪魁祸首。
绝经期的激素变化可能导致体重增长,并使血压对饮食中的盐分更加敏感,从而导致血压升高。某些类型的绝经期激素治疗也可能导致高血压。
为了控制绝经期前后的血压,请关注健康生活方式:
- 保持健康体重。
- 多吃有益于心脏健康的食物,例如全谷物、水果和蔬菜。
- 限制盐和加工食品的摄入量。
- 每周多运动。
- 管理压力。
- 限制或避免饮酒。
- 如果您抽烟,请戒烟。
如有必要,医疗护理团队可能会开一些药物来帮助降低血压。
显示参考文献
- Tikhonoff V, et al. The uncertain effect of menopause on blood pressure. Journal of Human Hypertension. 2019;33:421.
- Changes you can make to manage high blood pressure. American Heart Association. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/changes-you-can-make-to-manage-high-blood-pressure. Accessed April 17, 2023.
- Wenger NK, et al. Hypertension across a woman's life cycle. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2018; doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.02.033.
- Lin Y, et al. Cardiovascular benefits of exercise training in postmenopausal hypertension. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. doi:10.3390/ijms19092523.
- Menopause and heart disease. American Heart Association. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/consumer-healthcare/what-is-cardiovascular-disease/menopause-and-heart-disease. Accessed April 17, 2023.
July 11, 2023Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/menopause-and-high-blood-pressure/faq-20058406