如果患有心脏病,接种流感疫苗可能降低出现流感并发症的风险。了解接种流感疫苗的益处和接种时间。
来自妙佑医疗国际员工
流感,也叫流行性感冒,是一种鼻子、咽喉和肺部的感染。该病由病毒所引起。流感是一种呼吸道感染,极容易传播。也就是说,该病具有传染性。
如果您患有心脏病,采取措施预防流感很重要。心脏病患者更容易出现流感并发症。
您可以每年接种流感疫苗,以降低患流感及其并发症的风险。虽然流感疫苗并不是 100% 有效,但它仍然是抵御流感的最好方法。长期以来,医务人员一直建议老年人及其他高危人群(包括心脏病患者)接种该疫苗。
如果您有心脏病,您更容易患流感并发症。流感并发症包括:
流感也会使心力衰竭、糖尿病、哮喘或其他状况更糟。
研究人员积极研究每年流感疫苗对心脏病(包括心脏衰竭)患者的益处和风险。一些研究表明,每年注射流感疫苗可以降低心脏病患者的心脏病发作、卒中和心脏相关死亡的风险。但是,尚需更多研究加以佐证。
流感疫苗对大多数心脏病患者而言都很安全。
不建议心脏病患者或 65 岁及以上人群使用鼻喷式流感疫苗(FluMist)。与注射流感疫苗不同,鼻喷式流感疫苗使用活病毒制成。
流感疫苗通常在上臂注射。一些人会出现短期副作用。这些副作用可能包括注射部位轻微疼痛、肌肉酸痛或轻微发热。您不会因接种流感疫苗而感染流感或 2019 冠状病毒病(COVID-19)。
如有以下情况,请在接种流感疫苗前咨询医务人员:
- 感染或认为自己已感染 COVID-19
- 过去曾对流感疫苗有过严重过敏反应
- 过去曾在接种流感疫苗后罹患吉兰-巴雷综合征
- 接种流感疫苗时存在发热症状
对蛋类过敏仍可接种流感疫苗。
美国疾病控制与预防中心建议年满 6 个月的人群每年接种流感疫苗。该机构建议年满 65 岁的成人接种高剂量的流感疫苗(如有)。
最好在 9 月或 10 月接种流感疫苗。但是,如果暂时没有流感疫苗或者您尚未接种过流感疫苗,您也可以等到 1 月或稍后再接种。
与以往任何时候相比,接种流感疫苗都更为重要。流感和 COVID-19(另一种呼吸道感染)可能在同一时间传播。这两种感染的症状颇为相似。接种流感疫苗可缓解可能与 COVID-19 症状相似的一些症状。但是,接种流感疫苗并不能预防 COVID-19。
如果您与心脏病患者同住或者负责照顾患者,您也应该每年接种流感疫苗。接种一次就能帮助降低自己和周围人的感染风险。
如需接种流感疫苗,您不必专程前往心脏病专家处,在初级保健医生诊室、公共卫生部门和一些药店即可接种。请先致电确定是否有流感疫苗以及是否需要约诊。
显示参考文献
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Aug. 24, 2024Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/flu-shots/art-20044238