二手烟是否会升高心脏病发作的风险？
回答 Francisco Lopez-Jimenez 博士
是。二手烟暴露是导致心脏病发作的一个风险因素。二手烟包括燃烧的香烟或烟斗产生的烟雾以及吸烟者呼出的烟雾。
任何数量的二手烟都对心脏和血管有害。吸入二手烟可能会使血液中负责凝血的细胞（血小板）变得更黏稠。从而使血液更容易凝结。如果血块阻碍血液流动，可能会导致心脏病发作或发生卒中。
二手烟会导致动脉无法扩张。这种状况叫做内皮功能障碍。很多种类的心血管疾病与这种状况有关。
二手烟中的化学物质还会刺激动脉内膜，导致动脉肿胀并变得僵硬。此类发炎可能会使动脉变窄，增加与心脏相关的胸部疼痛和心脏病发作的风险。
大量研究发现，在实施禁烟法的地区，心脏病发作率降低。
为避免吸入二手烟，请尽量：
- 选择无烟场所，如无烟餐馆或无烟购物中心。
- 避开有人抽烟的地方，即使是在开放空间。
- 请家中或您经常接触的抽烟者在室外抽烟。
- 劝说您经常接触的抽烟者戒烟。
如果您有心脏病或心脏病发作史，避免吸入二手烟尤为重要。
如果您抽烟，戒烟是降低心脏病发作风险的最佳方法。如果您在戒烟方面需要帮助，请向医疗护理团队咨询戒烟的方法。
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Francisco Lopez-Jimenez 博士
显示参考文献
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Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/expert-answers/secondhand-smoke/faq-20058082