如果我患有糖尿病,是否可使用人工甜味剂?
回答 M. Regina Castro, M.D.
如患有糖尿病,可使用大多数代糖,包括:
- 糖精(Sweet'N Low)
- 阿斯巴甜(NutraSweet)
- 醋磺内酯钾(Sunett)
- 纽甜(Newtame)
- 爱德万甜
- 三氯蔗糖(Splenda)
- 甜叶菊(Pure Via、Truvia)
人造甜味剂又称为代糖、低热量甜味剂或非营养性甜味剂。人造甜味剂可提供糖的甜度,但无热量。人造甜味剂比糖甜很多倍。因此,少量人造甜味剂就能使食物变甜。也正因如此,用人造甜味剂制作的食物比用糖制作的食物所含热量会更少。
代糖不会影响到血糖水平。事实上,大多数人造甜味剂均可视为“无热量食物”,即热量低于 20 卡、碳水化合物不超过 5 克的食物,在进行糖尿病换算时,不必计为热量或碳水化合物。但请谨记,含有人造甜味剂的食物中的其他成分仍可能影响您的血糖水平。
一些研究发现,用人工增甜型食品和饮料代替糖增甜型食品和饮料的益处可能不像曾经认为的那样显著。大量摄入人造甜味剂时,情况更是如此。但还需要就此开展更多研究。
此外,请谨慎对待糖醇,包括甘露醇、山梨醇和木糖醇。糖醇可能升高您的血糖水平。对于一些人,糖醇可能导致腹泻。
With
M. Regina Castro, M.D.
显示参考文献
- Get to know carbs. American Diabetes Association. https://www.diabetes.org/healthy-living/recipes-nutrition/understanding-carbs/get-to-know-carbs. Accessed Jan. 20, 2021.
- American Diabetes Association. Facilitating behavior change and well-being to improve health outcomes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2021. 2021; doi:10.2337/dc21-S005.
- Additional information about high-intensity sweeteners permitted for use in food in the United States. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/additional-information-about-high-intensity-sweeteners-permitted-use-food-united-states. Accessed Jan. 21, 2021.
- Rother KI, et al. How non-nutritive sweeteners influence hormones and health. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2018; doi:10.1016/j.tem.2018.04.010.
- Nichol AD, et al. Glycemic impact of non-nutritive sweeteners: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2018; doi:10.1038/s41430-018-0170-6.
- Sylvetzky AC, et al. Nonnutritive sweeteners in weight management and chronic disease: A review. Obesity. 2018; doi:10.1002/oby.22139.
- Azad MB, et al. Nonnutritive sweeteners and cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2017; doi:10.1503/cmaj.161390.
Jan. 14, 2023Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/diseases-conditions/diabetes/expert-answers/artificial-sweeteners/faq-20058038