不建议使用羟氯喹来治疗 2019 冠状病毒病(COVID-19)。此外,羟氯喹无法避免感染引发 COVID-19 的病毒。
美国食品药品管理局(FDA)于 2020 年 3 月批准紧急使用羟氯喹和氯喹来治疗 COVID-19。FDA 的授权依据是从医务人员处收集的数据以及对细胞系的测试(非人体试验)。
FDA 也已开始跟踪服用这些药物的人员的健康状况。
FDA 于 2020 年 4 月发出警告称,除入院治疗患者和临床试验患者之外,医疗护理专业人员不得使用羟氯喹和氯喹来治疗 COVID-19。FDA 收集的数据显示,与未服用这些药物的人相比,服用这些药物的人发生心脏问题的比率更高。
FDA 于 2020 年 6 月终止了对紧急使用羟氯喹和氯喹来治疗 COVID-19 的批准。
随着时间的推移,临床试验显示羟氯喹:
- 导致部分人群出现严重的心脏问题;
- 无法有效治疗 COVID-19;
- 无法避免感染引发 COVID-19 的病毒。
COVID-19 当前疗法
FDA 已经针对其他 COVID-19 治疗药物做出批准或通过紧急使用授权。患者可凭处方来获取这些药物。
有些药物可以阻止 COVID-19 病毒的自我复制。其他药物则阻止病毒内部帮助其进行复制的活动。有些药物作用于身体的免疫系统,还有些药物则降低体内炎症水平以帮助治疗 COVID-19。研究人员正在研究其他防治 COVID-19 的药物。
若无医师处方及医疗护理专业人员的批准,请勿服用任何 COVID-19 治疗药物。这些药物可能会产生严重的副作用。这些药物仅供重症患者使用,且必须在医疗护理专业人员的监护下使用。
显示参考文献
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- FDA cautions against use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for COVID-19 outside of the hospital setting or a clinical trial due to risk of heart rhythm problems, review of safety issues. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-cautions-against-use-hydroxychloroquine-or-chloroquine-covid-19-outside-hospital-setting-or. Accessed Sept. 25, 2023.
- COVID-19 treatment guidelines. National Institutes of Health. https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/overview/prevention-of-sars-cov-2/. Accessed Sept. 25, 2023.
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- Coronavirus (COVID-19) drugs. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/emergency-preparedness-drugs/coronavirus-covid-19-drugs. Accessed Sept. 25, 2023.
- COVID-19 science update released October 9, 2020, edition 55. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/library/covid19/100920_covidupdate.html. Accessed Sept. 25, 2023.
- Emergency use authorization for drugs and non-vaccine biological products. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/emergency-preparedness-drugs/emergency-use-authorizations-drugs-and-non-vaccine-biological-products. Accessed Sept. 25, 2023.
- AskMayoExpert. COVID-19: Drug regimens and other treatment options. Mayo Clinic; 2023.
Jan. 05, 2024Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/hydroxychloroquine-treatment-covid-19/art-20555331