为什么有色人种感染 2019 冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的风险更高？
回答 Daniel C. DeSimone, M.D.
总体上，与非西裔白人相比，美国的少数种族和少数民族具有较高的 COVID-19 病毒感染率、住院率和死亡率。根据美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的数据，非西裔美国印第安人或阿拉斯加原住民的 COVID-19 住院率约为非西裔白人的 2.7 倍。非西裔黑人或非裔美国人以及西班牙裔的 COVID-19 住院率约为非西裔白人的两倍。
可能的因素包括：
- 种族主义。当种族歧视形成一种文化时，受歧视者的健康将受影响。歧视对健康的影响是全方位的，它首先影响一个人周围的世界，还可能影响一个人的就医、正确诊断和治疗。
- 其他健康状况。种族歧视带来的压力会对身体造成伤害。已有研究表明这种压力会诱发心脏病、肥胖症、糖尿病、高血压及肝肾疾病。这些疾病可增加 COVID-19 重症风险。
- 工作类型。从事无法远程办工或涉及公众互动的基础岗位工作时，可能会增加接触 COVID-19 病毒和感染的风险。2018 年，美国大约有 20% 的受雇西班牙裔和黑人从事服务行业。相比之下，亚裔美国人或非西裔白人中的这一比例为 13%。2018 年劳动统计发现护理行业中黑人占比约 36%。但 2018 年总劳动人口中黑人仅占 12%。
- 地点。居住地点和同住人员可能会增加预防感染 COVID-19 以及接受治疗的难度。少数种族和少数民族群体更可能与不同年龄的多名家庭成员同住一处，也更有可能住在纽约市这类居住条件拥挤且人口稠密的地区，导致难以保持社交距离。
- 获取医疗服务。少数种族和少数民族群体更有可能在获取医疗服务方面遭遇阻碍。例如，有些人可能没有医疗保险，或有些人在请假接受医疗服务时没有薪酬。根据美国人口普查局的数据，2020 年大约有 5% 的非西裔白人没有保险。西班牙裔中的此比例约为 18%，黑人中约为 10%。
研究还表明，有色人种往往受突发公共卫生事件的影响更大，例如卡特里娜飓风。
COVID-19 疫情凸显出改善少数种族和少数民族群体健康和福祉的需求。
With
Daniel C. DeSimone, M.D.
显示参考文献
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Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/expert-answers/coronavirus-infection-by-race/faq-20488802