是的。大多数情况下,急性支气管炎是由病毒引起,比如流感(流行性感冒)病毒。不过,很多具有高传染性的不同病毒都可能引起急性支气管炎。
病毒主要通过飞沫在人与人之间传播;飞沫在病人咳嗽、打喷嚏或说话时产生,有可能被您吸入。病毒也可以通过接触受感染的物体进行传播。当您接触带有病毒的物品,然后再接触您的口腔、眼睛或鼻子时,就会发生感染。
为了降低可导致感染支气管炎的病毒的风险,您应:
- 避免与流感患者或其他呼吸道疾病患者密切接触
- 勤洗手或使用含酒精的洗手液
- 避免触摸眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴
- 每年注射流感疫苗
慢性支气管炎或哮喘患者有时会发展成急性支气管炎。在这些情况下,急性支气管炎很可能是现有状况的并发症。这类支气管炎并非由传染性病毒引起,所以不太可能具有传染性。
显示参考文献
- Kellerman RD, et al. Bronchitis and viral respiratory infections. In: Conn's Current Therapy 2019. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier; 2019. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed April 29, 2019.
- Acute bronchitis. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pulmonary-disorders/acute-bronchitis/acute-bronchitis. Accessed April 29, 2019.
- Healthy habits to help prevent flu. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/actions-prevent-flu.htm?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fflu%2Fprotect%2Fhabits%2Findex.htm. Accessed April 29, 2019.
- What is acute bronchitis? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/community/for-patients/common-illnesses/bronchitis.html. Accessed April 29, 2019.
- Kinkade S, et al. Acute bronchitis. American Family Physician. 2016;94:560.
- Treatment of acute COPD exacerbation. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pulmonary-disorders/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-and-related-disorders/treatment-of-acute-copd-exacerbation. Accessed April 30, 2019.
- Wilkinson JM (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. May 6, 2019.
May 16, 2019Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/diseases-conditions/bronchitis/expert-answers/acute-bronchitis/faq-20057839