我患有特应性皮炎,还存在睡眠问题。该怎么办?
特应性皮炎(湿疹)患者经常报告称难以入睡和睡不安稳。因此,许多湿疹患者会在白天感到疲劳,从而影响其生活质量。
瘙痒和湿疹症状往往会在夜间加重。原因在于睡前一至两小时,人体会通过冷却和降低核心温度来为睡眠做准备。在此过程中,热量通过皮肤逸出,从而导致睡前皮肤瘙痒加剧。每晚醒来至少 2 到 6 次实属正常,尽管第二天可能不会记得。对于湿疹患者来说,这种夜间睡眠-唤醒周期可能会引发瘙痒,从而导致夜间反射性抓痒。
掌握有效的湿疹管理技巧,是确保晚上睡好的第一步。湿疹好转后,睡眠也会有所改善。如果难以入睡,请尝试以下小技巧:
- 使用透气的被褥。选择纯棉或其他透气材质制成的床单和床上用品,有助于调节夜间体温,并减少发作。
- 服用抗组胺药。苯海拉明(Benadryl)等抗组胺药可能无法完全缓解特应性皮炎引起的瘙痒,但会使人嗜睡,可能有助于睡眠。
- 睡前泡澡或淋浴。放松、滋润皮肤和减少瘙痒的一个好方法是洗温水澡(而非热水澡),然后立即涂上一层保湿霜。泡澡和淋浴时间应控制在 10 至 15 分钟。
- 营造助眠氛围。让卧室保持昏暗、凉爽且安静。睡前几小时,将家中的灯光调暗。室内光线会抑制体内褪黑素这种促进睡眠的激素的分泌。
- 每天最好定时睡觉和起床。人体有一个内部时钟(昼夜节律),负责调节多种功能,包括睡眠-唤醒周期和激素释放。保持一致,更容易让身体和大脑入睡和醒来,让您拥有饱满的精神。请坚持同样的睡眠时间表,即使是在周末亦不例外。
- 限制睡前屏幕使用时间。屏幕(电脑、平板电脑、手机、电视)发出的蓝光会抑制褪黑素的分泌。培养在睡前一小时关闭所有电子设备的夜间习惯。放松下来,做一些安静放松的活动,例如轻度拉伸、写日记或阅读。
- 减少信息过载。睡前看负面新闻,会使大脑处于焦虑状态,从而导致失眠或其他睡眠问题。限制白天看新闻节目的时间,让卧室成为远离电子产品的区域。
- 定期运动,但时间适度。定期运动有助于入睡和提升睡眠质量。但临睡前让心跳加快,会使人兴奋,而非平静下来。将例常剧烈运动安排在早晨或下午进行。此外,早晨做一些中等强度的运动会促进深度睡眠。
- 管理压力。尽量在睡前解决您的顾虑和担忧。您可以尝试芳香疗法、深呼吸、日志记录或冥想。
如果仍难以入睡,请向医生咨询可能有助于改善睡眠的治疗。
显示参考文献
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March 08, 2022Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/zh-hans/diseases-conditions/atopic-dermatitis-eczema/expert-answers/i-have-atopic-dermatitis-how-can-i-sleep-better/faq-20515225