White tongue is due to the tiny hairlike bumps, called papillae, on the surface of your tongue when they grow too much or swell. Debris, bacteria and dead cells can get stuck between the enlarged and sometimes swollen papillae. This makes the tongue look like it has a white coating. Although it may look alarming, the condition usually doesn't do any harm and lasts only for a limited time.
But white tongue can be a sign of some serious conditions, ranging from infection to a precancerous condition. These conditions could likely to lead to cancer if not treated.
If you're concerned about a white coating or white spots on your tongue, contact your medical or dental health professional.
Unless caused by a serious condition, white tongue generally will not harm you. Gently brushing your tongue with a toothbrush or tongue scraper and drinking plenty of water can help.
Make an appointment with your medical or dental health professional if:
- You're concerned about changes in your tongue.
- Your tongue hurts.
- Your white tongue lasts longer than a few weeks.
Show References
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- Lodi G. Oral leukoplakia. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Oct. 1, 2024.
- Tongue discoloration and other changes. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dental-disorders/lip-and-tongue-disorders/tongue-discoloration-and-other-changes. Accessed Oct. 1, 2024.
- Oral lesions and other dermatologic conditions of the mouth. Primary Care Dermatology Society. https://www.pcds.org.uk/clinical-guidance/oral-lesions. Accessed Oct. 1, 2024.
- Detecting oral cancer: A guide for healthcare professionals. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/oral-cancer#WarningSigns. Accessed Oct. 1, 2024.
- Lodi G. Oral lesions. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Oct. 1, 2024.
- Candidiasis basics. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/candidiasis/about/index.html. Accessed Oct. 1, 2024.
Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/white-tongue/basics/causes/sym-20050676