Overview
Most insect bites and stings are mild and can be treated at home. They might cause itching, swelling and stinging that go away in a day or two. Some bites or stings can transmit disease-causing bacteria, viruses or parasites. Stings from bees, yellow jackets, wasps, hornets and fire ants might cause a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis).
When to seek emergency help
Call 911 or your local medical emergency number if a child is stung by a scorpion or if anyone is having a serious reaction that suggests anaphylaxis, even if it's just one or two of the following symptoms:
- Trouble breathing.
- Swelling of the lips, face, eyelids or throat.
- Dizziness, fainting or unconsciousness.
- A weak and rapid pulse.
- Hives.
- Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea.
Take these actions immediately while waiting for medical help:
- Ask whether the injured person is carrying an epinephrine autoinjector (Auvi-Q, others). Ask whether you should help inject the medicine. This is usually done by pressing the autoinjector against the thigh and holding it in place for several seconds.
- Loosen tight clothing and cover the person with a blanket.
- Don't offer anything to drink.
- If needed, position the person to prevent choking on vomit
Treatment
To treat a mild reaction to an insect bite or sting:
- Move to a safe area to avoid more bites or stings.
- Remove any stingers.
- Gently wash the area with soap and water.
- Apply to the affected skin a cloth dampened with cold water or filled with ice. Keep it on for 10 to 20 minutes. This helps reduce pain and swelling.
- If the injury is on an arm or leg, raise it.
- Apply to the affected skin calamine lotion, baking soda paste, or 0.5% or 1% hydrocortisone cream. Do this several times a day until your symptoms go away.
- Take an anti-itch medicine by mouth to reduce itching. Options include nonprescription cetirizine, fexofenadine (Allegra Allergy, Children's Allegra Allergy), loratadine (Claritin). These types of medicines are also called antihistamines.
- Take a nonprescription pain reliever as needed.
When to call your doctor
See a healthcare professional if the swelling gets worse, the site shows signs of infection or you don't feel well.
Show References
- AskMayoExpert. Stinging insect allergy. Mayo Clinic; 2021.
- Stinging insect allergy. American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. https://www.aaaai.org/Tools-for-the-Public/Conditions-Library/Allergies/stinging-insect-allergy. Accessed Jan. 10, 2022.
- Thompson DA. Bee sting. In: Adult Telephone Protocols: Office Version. 4th ed. American Academy of Pediatrics; 2018.
- Kermott CA, et al., eds. Emergencies and urgent care. In: Mayo Clinic Guide to Self-Care. 7th ed. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2017.
- Bug bites and bee stings. American College of Emergency Physicians. https://www.emergencyphysicians.org/article/health--safety-tips/bug-bites--bee-stings. Accessed Jan. 10, 2022.
- LoVecchio F. Scorpion envenomation causing neuromuscular toxicity (United States, Mexico, Central America, and Southern Africa). https://www.uptodate.com/ contents/search. Accessed Jan. 10, 2022.
Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-insect-bites/basics/art-20056593