Search for a doctor

William J. Shaughnessy, M.D.

  1. Orthopedic Surgeon
Request an Appointment

Publications

  1. Wellings EP, Sullivan MH, Thapa P, Grigoriou E, Stans AA, Shaughnessy WJ, Larson AN, Milbrandt TA. Incidence and Long-term Follow-up of Pediatric Lateral Condyle Fractures: A Population-based Study. J Pediatr Orthop. 2024 Nov 22 [Epub ahead of print]
    View PubMed
  2. Alder KD, Baker CE, Robinson KE, Shaughnessy WJ, Shin AY. Lower Trapezius Tendon Transfer for Restoration of External Rotation in Brachial Plexus Birth Injury. World Neurosurg. 2024 Nov; 191:e531-e537 Epub 2024 Sept 06
    View PubMed
  3. Pulido NA, Milbrandt TA, Shaughnessy WJ, Stans AA, Grigoriou E, Larson AN. Liposomal bupivacaine plus intrathecal hydromorphone associated with shortened length of stay and decreased opioid use in pediatric patients following posterior spinal fusion surgery. Spine Deform. 2024 Oct 3 Epub 2024 Oct 03
    View PubMed
  4. Grigoriou E, Shaughnessy WJ. What Is the Relevance of Post-Reduction MRI Today and Where Do We Go from Here?: Commentary on an article by Florian Schmaranzer, MD, et al.: "Hip Morphology on Post-Reduction MRI Predicts Residual Dysplasia 10 Years After Open or Closed Reduction". J Bone Joint Surg Am 2024 Jan 17; 106 (2):e3
    View PubMed
  5. Sullivan MH, Wahlig BD, Broida SE, Larson AN, Shaughnessy WJ, Stans AA, Milbrandt TA. Response to Letter to the Editor, Regarding Grauberger et al, 2020 and Sullivan et al, 2023. J Pediatr Orthop. 2023 Sep 4 Epub 2023 Sept 04
    View PubMed
  6. Regan CM, Su AW, Stans AA, Milbrandt TA, Larson AN, Shaughnessy WJ, Grigoriou E. Long-Term Outcomes at Skeletal Maturity of Combined Pelvic and Femoral Osteotomy for the Treatment of Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease. J Clin Med. 2023 Sep 1; 12 (17) Epub 2023 Sept 01
    View PubMed
  7. Sullivan MH, Arguello AM, Stans AA, Milbrandt TA, Rose PS, Shaughnessy WJ, Houdek MT. Comparison of Fixation Techniques for Lower Extremity Rotationplasty. J Pediatr Orthop. 2023 Aug 1; 43 (7):453-459 Epub 2023 Apr 19
    View PubMed
  8. Sullivan MH, Wahlig BD, Broida SE, Larson AN, Shaughnessy WJ, Stans AA, Milbrandt TA. Does Shorter Time to Treatment of Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures Impact Clinical Outcomes? J Pediatr Orthop. 2023 Jul 1; 43 (6):350-354 Epub 2023 Mar 20
    View PubMed
  9. Chen C, Milbrandt TA, Babadi E, Duong SQ, Larson DR, Shaughnessy WJ, Stans AA, Hull NC, Peterson HA, Larson AN. Normative Femoral and Tibial Lengths in a Modern Population of Twenty-First-Century U.S. Children. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2023 Mar 15; 105 (6):468-478 Epub 2023 Jan 19
    View PubMed
  10. Sullivan MH, Carlson BC, Milbrandt TA, Stans AA, Shaughnessy WJ, Nassr A, Larson AN. Sacropelvic fixation with S2-Alar-Iliac (S2AI) screws via CT-guided navigation J POSNA. 2023.
  11. Young E, Regan C, Milbrandt TA, Grigoriou E, Shaughnessy WJ, Stans AA, Larson AN. Predictors of Total Hip Arthroplasty Following Pediatric Surgical Treatment of Developmental Hip Dysplasia at 20-Year Follow-Up. J Clin Med. 2022 Dec 3; 11 (23) Epub 2022 Dec 03
    View PubMed
  12. Braig ZV, Pradhan P, Tibbo ME, Padua H, Shaughnessy WJ, Stans AA, Larson AN, Shore BJ, Milbrandt TA. Bedside hip aspiration results in decrease in total general anesthesia time in pediatric patients: A multicenter study. J Child Orthop. 2022 Dec; 16 (6):512-518 Epub 2022 Nov 01
    View PubMed
  13. Mathew SE, Pulido N, Larson AN, Stans AA, Milbrandt TA, Shaughnessy WJ. Noninvasive Hemoglobin Monitoring for Postoperative Pediatric Orthopaedic Patients: A Preliminary Study. J Pediatr Orthop. 2022 Sep 1; 42 (8):e897-e900 Epub 2022 July 13
    View PubMed
  14. Mathew SE, Hargiss JB, Milbrandt TA, Stans AA, Shaughnessy WJ, Larson AN. Vertebral body tethering compared to posterior spinal fusion for skeletally immature adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients: preliminary results from a matched case-control study. Spine Deform. 2022 Sep; 10 (5):1123-1131 Epub 2022 May 24
    View PubMed
  15. Baker CE, Larson AN, Ubl DS, Shaughnessy WJ, Rutledge JD, Stans AA, Habermann EB, Milbrandt TA. Tiered Guidelines in a Pediatric Orthopaedic Practice Reduce Opioids Prescribed at Discharge. J Pediatr Orthop. 2022 Jan 1; 42 (1):e83-e90
    View PubMed
  16. Rainer W, Shirley MB, Trousdale RT, Shaughnessy WJ. The Open Triradiate Cartilage: How Young Is Too Young for Total Hip Arthroplasty? J Pediatr Orthop. 2021 Oct 1; 41 (9):e793-e799
    View PubMed
  17. Thomas JJ, Stans AA, Milbrandt TA, Kremers HM, Shaughnessy WJ, Larson AN. Trends in Incidence of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Modern US Population-based Study. J Pediatr Orthop. 2021 Jul 1; 41 (6):327-332
    View PubMed
  18. Pulos N, Shaughnessy WJ, Spinner RJ, Shin AY. Brachial Plexus Birth Injuries: A Critical Analysis Review. JBJS Rev. 2021 Jun 8; 9 (6) Epub 2021 June 08
    View PubMed
  19. Mathew SE, Milbrandt TA, Shaughnessy WJ, Stans AA, Larson AN. Is the axial spinal cord classification predictive of intraoperative neurologic alert for pediatric scoliosis patients? An independent retrospective validation study. Spine Deform. 2021 Mar; 9 (2):395-401 Epub 2020 Nov 17
    View PubMed
  20. Misaghi A, Jackson TJ, Stans AA, Shaughnessy WJ, Rose PS, Moran SL, Houdek MT. Intercalary Allograft Reconstruction of the Proximal Tibia With and Without a Free Fibula Flap in Pediatric Patients. J Pediatr Orthop. 2020 Oct; 40 (9):e833-e838
    View PubMed
  21. Grauberger J, O'Byrne M, Stans AA, Shaughnessy WJ, Larson AN, Milbrandt TA. Does Shorter Time to Treatment of Pediatric Femur Shaft Fractures Impact Clinical Outcomes? J Pediatr Orthop. 2020 Jul; 40 (6):e435-e439
    View PubMed
  22. Baky FJ, Echternacht SR, Milbrandt TA, Maradit Kremers H, Ransom J, Stans AA, Shaughnessy WJ, Larson AN. Predictors of cost for posterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine Deform. 2020 Jun; 8 (3):421-426 Epub 2020 Feb 24
    View PubMed
  23. Grauberger J, O'Byrne M, Stans AA, Shaughnessy WJ, Larson AN, Milbrandt TA. Does Shorter Time to Treatment of Pediatric Femur Shaft Fractures Impact Clinical Outcomes? J Pediatr Orthop. 2020 Feb 28 [Epub ahead of print]
    View PubMed
  24. Baker C, Larson N, Shaughnessy W, Stans A, Milbrandt T. Rate of Complications and Subsequent Shoulder Complaints for Non-operatively Managed Pediatric Proximal Humerus Fractures. Front Surg. 2020; 7:48 Epub 2020 July 31
    View PubMed
  25. Baky FJ, Milbrandt T, Echternacht S, Stans AA, Shaughnessy WJ, Larson AN. Intraoperative Computed Tomography-Guided Navigation for Pediatric Spine Patients Reduced Return to Operating Room for Screw Malposition Compared With Freehand/Fluoroscopic Techniques. Spine Deform. 2019 Jul; 7 (4):577-581
    View PubMed
  26. DeDeugd CM, Shin AY, Shaughnessy WJ. Derotational Pronation-producing Osteotomy of the Radius and Biceps Tendon Rerouting for Supination Contractures in Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy Patients: A Review of 20 Cases. J Pediatr Orthop. 2019 May/Jun; 39 (5):e366-e372
    View PubMed
  27. Floccari LV, Su AW, McIntosh AL, Rathjen K, Shaughnessy WJ, Larson AN. Distal Junctional Failure Following Pediatric Spinal Fusion. J Pediatr Orthop. 2019 Apr; 39 (4):202-208
    View PubMed
  28. Labott JR, Wyles CC, Houdek MT, Tollefson MM, Driscoll DJ, Shaughnessy WJ, Sierra RJ. Total Knee Arthroplasty Is Safe and Successful in Patients With Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome. J Arthroplasty. 2019 Apr; 34 (4):682-685 Epub 2018 Dec 22
    View PubMed
  29. Sanders T, Wenger DE, Ashraf A, McIntosh AL, Stans AA, Shaughnessy WJ, van Wijnen AJ, Larson AN. Treatment of Pediatric Osteoid Osteomas Not Amenable to Radiofrequency Ablation: A Retrospective Review of Surgical Outcomes. J Surg Orthop Adv. 2018 Winter; 27 (4):299-302
    View PubMed
  30. Wagner ER, Werthel JD, Ansari M, Shaughnessy W, Elhassan BL. Natural History of the Elbow Bony Architecture in Patients With Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury and the Association With Flexion Contractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2018 Dec 1; 26 (23):e490-e495
    View PubMed
  31. Thomas JJ, Stans AA, Milbrandt TA, Treder VM, Kremers HM, Shaughnessy WJ, Larson AN. Does School Screening Affect Scoliosis Curve Magnitude at Presentation to a Pediatric Orthopedic Clinic? Spine Deform. 2018 Jul - Aug; 6 (4):403-408
    View PubMed
  32. DeDeugd CM, Shin AY, Shaughnessy WJ. Derotational Pronation-producing Osteotomy of the Radius and Biceps Tendon Rerouting for Supination Contractures in Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy Patients. Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg. 2018 Mar; 22 (1):10-14
    View PubMed
  33. Shaughnessy WJ, Peterson HA. Intrauterine Random Premature Physeal Arrest: Case Report & Literature Review International Journal of Orthopedics. 2018; 1(1):1001.
  34. Peterson HA, Shaughnessy WJ, Stans AA. Physeal bar equivalent. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2017 Nov; 26 (6):507-514
    View PubMed
  35. Floccari LV, Su AW, McIntosh AL, Rathjen K, Shaughnessy WJ, Larson AN. Distal Junctional Failure Following Pediatric Spinal Fusion. J Pediatr Orthop. 2017 Aug 4 Epub 2017 Aug 04
    View PubMed
  36. Parry JA, Van Straaten M, Luo TD, Simon AL, Ashraf A, Kaufman K, Larson AN, Shaughnessy WJ. Is There a Deficit After Nonoperative Versus Operative Treatment of Shortened Midshaft Clavicular Fractures in Adolescents? J Pediatr Orthop. 2017 Jun; 37 (4):227-233
    View PubMed
  37. Warad D, Rao AN, Mullikin T, Graner K, Shaughnessy WJ, Pruthi RK, Rodriguez V. A retrospective analysis of outcomes of dalteparin use in pediatric patients: a single institution experience. Thromb Res. 2015 Aug; 136 (2):229-33 Epub 2015 May 21
    View PubMed
  38. Heidenreich M, Baghdadi YM, McIntosh AL, Shaughnessy WJ, Dekutoski MB, Stans A, Larson AN. At What Levels Are Freehand Pedicle Screws More Frequently Malpositioned in Children? Spine Deform. 2015 Jul; 3 (4):332-337 Epub 2015 June 11
    View PubMed
  39. Luo TD, Ashraf A, Larson AN, Stans AA, Shaughnessy WJ, McIntosh AL. Complications in the treatment of adolescent clavicle fractures. Orthopedics. 2015 Apr; 38(4):E287-91.
    View PubMed
  40. So NF, Andrews KL, Anderson K, Gozola MA, Shives TC, Rose PS, Shaughnessy WJ, Sim FH. Prosthetic fitting after rotationplasty of the knee. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2014 Apr; 93 (4):328-34
    View PubMed
  41. Baghdadi YM, Larson AN, McIntosh AL, Shaughnessy WJ, Dekutoski MB, Stans AA. Complications of pedicle screws in children 10 years or younger: a case control study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013 Apr 1; 38(7):E386-93.
    View PubMed
  42. Long TR, Stans AA, Shaughnessy WJ, Joyner MJ, Schroeder DR, Wass CT. Changes in red blood cell transfusion practice during the past quarter century: a retrospective analysis of pediatric patients undergoing elective scoliosis surgery using the Mayo database. Spine J. 2012 Jun; 12 (6):455-62 Epub 2012 May 05
    View PubMed
  43. Kumar R, Pruthi RK, Kobrinsky N, Shaughnessy WJ, McKusick MA, Rodriguez V. Pelvic pseudotumor and pseudoaneurysm in a pediatric patient with moderate hemophilia B: successful management with arterial embolization and surgical excision. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2011 Mar; 56(3):484-7.
    View PubMed
  44. Taggart NW, Shaughnessy WJ, Stans AA, McIntosh AL, Driscoll DJ. Outcomes of spinal fusion in children with congenital heart disease. J Pediatr Orthop. 2010 Oct-Nov; 30(7):670-5.
    View PubMed
  45. Larson AN, Stans AA, Shaughnessy WJ, Dekutoski MB, Quinn MJ, McIntosh AL. Motocross morbidity: economic cost and injury distribution in children. J Pediatr Orthop. 2009 Dec; 29 (8):847-50
    View PubMed
  46. Shrader MW, Stans AA, Shaughnessy WJ, Haidukewych GJ. Nonunion of fractures in pediatric patients: 15-year experience at a level I trauma center. Orthopedics. 2009 Jun; 32: (6)410.
    View PubMed
  47. Johnson JN, Shaughnessy WJ, Stans AA, Unruh KP, Sim FH, McIntosh AL, Brands CK, Driscoll DJ. Management of knee arthropathy in patients with vascular malformations. J Pediatr Orthop. 2009 Jun; 29 (4):380-4
    View PubMed
  48. Shrader MW, Schwab JH, Shaughnessy WJ, Jacofsky DJ. Pathologic femoral neck fractures in children. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2009 Feb; 38: (2)83-6; discussion 86.
    View PubMed
  49. Caltoum CB, Shaughnessy WJ, Bishop AT, Spinner RJ, Shin AY. Subscapularis lengthening and tendon transfers for shoulder dysfunction in children with obstetrical brachial plexus injuries. Pan Arab Journal of Neurosurgery. 2008; 12(SPEC. ISS.):270-9.
  50. Angius D, Shaughnessy WJ, Amrami KK, Matsumoto JM, Spinner RJ. Infraclavicular brachial plexopathy secondary to coracoid osteoid osteoma. J Surg Orthop Adv. 2007 Winter; 16(4):199-203.
    View PubMed
  51. Shaughnessy WJ. Advances in scoliosis brace treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Orthop Clin North Am. 2007 Oct; 38(4):469-75, v.
    View PubMed
  52. Cherng RJ, Chou LS, Su FC, Shaughnessy WJ, Kaufman KR. Using motion of the whole-body center of mass to assess the balance during gait of children with spastic cerebral palsy. Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering. 2007; 27(3):150-5.
  53. Shrader MW, Jacofsky DJ, Stans AA, Shaughnessy WJ, Haidukewych GJ. Femoral neck fractures in pediatric patients - 30 years experience at a level 1 trauma center. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2007 Jan; (454)169-73.
    View PubMed
  54. Turner NS, Shaughnessy WJ, Berg EJ, Larson DR, Hanssen AD. A quantitative composite scoring tool for orthopaedic residency screening and selection. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2006 Aug; 449:50-5.
    View PubMed
  55. Papagelopoulos PJ, Savvidou OD, Mavrogenis AF, Galanis EC, Shaughnessy WJ, Unni KK, Sim FH. Lateral malleolus en bloc resection and ankle reconstruction for malignant tumors. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005 Aug; (437)209-18.
    View PubMed
  56. Ensenauer RE, Shaughnessy WJ, Jalal SM, Dawson DB, Courteau LK, Ellison JW. Trisomy 20 mosaicism caused by a maternal meiosis II error is associated with normal intellect but multiple congenital anomalies. Am J Med Genet Part A. 2005 Apr 15; 134A(2):202-6.
  57. Ensenauer RE, Shaughnessy WJ, Jalal SM, Dawson DB, Courteau LK, Ellison JW. Trisomy 20 mosaicism caused by a maternal meiosis II error is associated with normal intellect but multiple congenital anomalies. Am J Med Genet A. 2005 Apr 15; 134A (2):202-6
    View PubMed
  58. Lee A, Driscoll D, Gloviczki P, Clay R, Shaughnessy W, Stans A. Evaluation and management of pain in patients with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome: a review. Pediatrics. 2005 Mar; 115(3):744-9.
    View PubMed
  59. McClure SK, Shaughnessy WJ. Farm-related limb amputations in children. J Pediatr Orthop. 2005 Mar-Apr; 25 (2):133-7
    View PubMed
  60. Chiavetta JB, Parvizi J, Shaughnessy WJ, Cabanela ME. Total hip arthroplasty in patients with dwarfism. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004 Feb; 86 (2):298-304
    View PubMed
  61. Parvizi J, Lajam CM, Trousdale RT, Shaughnessy WJ, Cabanela ME. Total knee arthroplasty in young patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003 Jun; 85 (6):1090-4
    View PubMed
  62. Cohen-Gadol AA, White CB, Dekutoski MB, Shaughnessy WJ. Arterial-esophageal fistula: a complication of nasogastric tube placement after lumbar spine surgery: a case report. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003 Mar 1; 28: (5)E98-E101.
    View PubMed
  63. Parvizi J, Shaughnessy WJ. Compartment syndrome in a patient with familial rhabdomyolysis: a case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002 Nov; 84 (11):2046-9
    View PubMed
  64. Rodriguez V, Shaughnessy WJ, Schmidt KA, Slaby JA, Gilchrist GS, Pruthi RK. Haemorrhage into a popliteal cyst: an unusual complication of haemophilia A. Haemophilia. 2002 Sep; 8 (5):725-8
    View PubMed
  65. Kaufman KR, Shaughnessy WJ, Noseworthy JH. Use of motion analysis for quantifying movement disorders. Adv Neurol. 2001; 87:71-81.
    View PubMed
  66. Nwakama AC, Peterson HA, Shaughnessy WJ. Fishtail deformity following fracture of the distal humerus in children: historical review, case presentations, discussion of etiology, and thoughts on treatment. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2000 Oct; 9 (4):309-18
    View PubMed
  67. Kaufman KR, Shaughnessy WJ. Computer simulation of surgical treatment for equinus deformity in cerebral palsy. J Appl Biomech. 2000 Feb; 16(1):70-79.
    View PubMed
  68. Yawn BP, Yawn RA, Hodge D, Kurland M, Shaughnessy WJ, Ilstrup D, Jacobsen SJ. A population-based study of school scoliosis screening. JAMA. 1999 Oct 20; 282(15):1427-32.
    View PubMed
  69. Papagelopoulos PJ, Shaughnessy WJ, Ebersold MJ, Bianco AJ Jr, Quast LM. Long-term outcome of lumbar discectomy in children and adolescents sixteen years of age or younger. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1998 May; 80(5):689-98.
    View PubMed
  70. Stans AA, Pagnano MW, Shaughnessy WJ, Hanssen AD. Results of total hip arthroplasty for Crowe Type III developmental hip dysplasia. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1998 Mar; (348)(348)149-57.
    View PubMed
  71. Papagelopoulos PJ, Currier BL, Shaughnessy WJ, Sim FH, Ebsersold MJ, Bond JR, Unni KK. Aneurysmal bone cyst of the spine. Management and outcome. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1998 Mar 1; 23 (5):621-8
    View PubMed
  72. Jacob AG, Driscoll DJ, Shaughnessy WJ, Stanson AW, Clay RP, Gloviczki P. Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome: spectrum and management. Mayo Clin Proc. 1998 Jan; 73 (1):28-36
    View PubMed
  73. Kitaoka HB, Wikenheiser MA, Shaughnessy WJ, An KN. Gait abnormalities following resection of talocalcaneal coalition. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1997 Mar; 79 (3):369-74
    View PubMed
  74. Pagnano W, Hanssen AD, Lewallen DG, Shaughnessy WJ. The effect of superior placement of the acetabular component on the rate of loosening after total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1996 Jul; 78 (7):1004-14
    View PubMed
  75. Nuttall GA, Santrach PJ, Oliver WC Jr, Horlocker TT, Shaughnessy WJ, Cabanela ME, Bryant S, Bryant S. The predictors of red cell transfusions in total hip arthroplasties. Transfusion. 1996 Feb; 36 (2):144-9
    View PubMed
  76. Lindor NM, Michels VV, Jalal SM, Shaughnessy WJ. Trisomy 9 mosaicism in a child with tethered cord. Clin Dysmorphol. 1995 Apr; 4:169-172.
    View PubMed
  77. O'Marcaigh AS, Schmalz BJ, Shaughnessy WJ, Gilchrist GS. Successful hemostasis during a major orthopedic operation by using recombinant activated factor VII in a patient with severe hemophilia A and a potent inhibitor. Mayo Clin Proc. 1994 Jul; 69 (7):641-4
    View PubMed
  78. Papagelopoulos P, Galanis E, Shaughnessy WJ, Currier BL, Sim FH, Unni KK. Aneurysmal bone cysts of the cervical spine. Acta Orthopaedica Hellenica. 1994; 45(4):214-23.
  79. Shaughnessy WJ. Management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 1993 May; 5 (3):301-8
    View PubMed
  80. Lindor NM, Karnes PS, Jalal SM, Dewald GW, Shaughnessy WJ, Michels VV. Trisomy 13 in a 16-year-old boy. Dysmorphology and Clinical Genetics. 1992; 6:199-202.
  81. Gatley DJ, Shaughnessy WJ. Production of 18F-labeled compounds with 18-F- produced with a 1-MW research reactor. Int J Appl Radiat Isot. 1982; 33:1325-30.
  82. Gatley SJ, Hichwa RD, Shaughnessy WJ, Nickles RJ. 18F-labeled lower fluoroalkanes; reactor-produced gaseous physiological tracers. Int J Appl Radiat Isot. 1981 Apr; 32(4):211-4.
    View PubMed
  83. Holden JE, Gatley SJ, Hichwa RD, Ip WR, Shaughnessy WJ, Nickles RJ, Polyn RE. Cerebral blood flow using pet measurement of fluormethane kinetics. J Nucl Med. 1981; 22:1084-1088.
    View PubMed
  84. Gatley SJ, Shaughnessy WJ, Lieberman LM, Inhorn L. Studies with 17 beta (16-alpha-125I) iodoestradiol, an estrogen receptor-binding radiopharmaceutical, in rats bearing mammary tumors. J Nucl Med. 1981; 22:459-464.
    View PubMed
  85. Gatley SJ, Shaughnessy WJ. Nucleophilic substitution with fluoride: effects of solvent, temperature, ions, leaving group, and water. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm. 1981; 18:24.
    View PubMed
  86. Shaughnessy WJ, Gatley SJ, Hichwa RD, Lieberman LM, Nickles RJ. Aspects of the production of 18F-2-deoxy- 2fluoro-d-glucose via 18F-2 with a tandem van de Graaf accelerator. Int J Appl Radiat Isot. 1981; 32:23-29.
  87. Gatley SJ, Shaughnessy WJ. Synthesis of 18F-3deoxy-3fluoro-d-glucose with reactor-produced 18F. Int J Appl Radiat Isot. 1980; 31:339-341.
PST-20221113